Antspaudai ant popieriaus XVI a. rankraštiniuose dokumentuose

Abstract

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama XIV –XVI a. Lietuvos kilmingųjų antspaudų naudojimo dokumentuose praktika ir aptariami antspaudų masės tyrimai. Antspaudų masės tyrimams pasirinkti XVI a. Žemaitijos regiono kilmingųjų antspaudai šešiolikoje popierinių dokumentų, kuriuose jie įspausti spaudu per popieriaus skiautę – kustodiją. Spaudo vaizdas atsispindi kustodijoje. Darbo tikslas – mikrocheminiais kokybiniais ir instrumentiniais tyrimo metodais išanalizuoti antspaudų masės sudėtį gaminant šio tipo antspaudus. Esminiai žodžiai: antspaudų masė; kustodija; optinė mikroskopija; mikrocheminė kokybinė analizė; FTIR , SEM / ED X ir XRD tyrimai. Keywords: seal composition; custody; optical microscopy; microchemical analysis; FTIR , SEM / ED X and XRD analysis.

A seal is a means of authenticating a document. Seal shapes and materials changed in the course of history. The current study deals with seals of Samogitian nobles on sixteen paper manuscript documents from the 16th century. Sealing matrices were pressed into sealing material through a piece of paper (“custodia”). The article outlines historical circumstances that influenced practices of authenticating such documents and provides a list of seals’ owners. The mass analysis of the seals has been carried out by means of microchemical qualitative analysis, optical microscopy (OM ), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM / ED X), attenuated total reflection with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR -FTIR ) and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD ). It has been determined that the sealing material under analysis is mostly based on beeswax. The presence of copper palmitate in the sealing material shows that it was coloured with the use of copper pigments, most probably copper acetate (verdigris). The presence of aluminum, silicon, calcium and magnesium ions suggests that the sealing material may contain small quantities of clay or chalk.