Baltramiejaus Vilento Enchiridionas (iki 1572, 1579): Tikėjimo išpažinimas

Abstract

Straipsnyje toliau nagrinėjamas Baltramiejaus Vilento Enchiridionas (VE), šįkart jo antroji dalis – „Tikėjimo išpažinimo“ malda. Aiškinamasi maldos vertimo kilmė, ji tiriama filologiniu atžvilgiu. VE paskelbtą maldą palyginus su beveik visais ankstesniais jos vertimais, nustatyta, kad ją Vilentas ne iš naujo vertė, o tik šiek tiek paredagavęs paėmė iš Martyno Mažvydo giesmyno Giesmės krikščioniškos II dalies (MžG II) katekizmo, o čia ji buvo beveik be pakeitimų perkelta iš Formos krikštymo (MžFK). Maldos paaiškinimus, kurių nebuvo nei MžG II katekizme, nei MžFK, Vilentui teko versti pačiam arba pasinaudoti kokiu nors ankstesniu, dabar mums nežinomu jų vertimu.

This paper looks at the origins of the Creed in the Enchiridion by Baltramiejus Vilentas; the prayer is examined both philologically and linguistically. The author comes to the following conclusions. The text of the Creed published in the Enchiridion is based on the translation of this prayer in Mažvydas’ Forma krikštymo (The Rites for Baptism), which was translated from Form der Tauff, a publication on Baptism published in 1559. The title of the prayer, division into sections, their titles, and commentaries on the sections, as noted by Trautmann [12, 230] almost a century ago, correspond to the German text of the 1543 Leipzig edition of Luther’s Enchiridion. The text of the Creed published by Vilentas has only editorial differences from that offered in the second part of Mažvydas’ Giesmės krikščioniškos (Christian Hymns). Having compared the two, Zinkevičius concluded that prayers in Vilentas’ Enchiridion “differ only by one or two small writing details from the prayers in Mažvydas’ hymnal, which, as already mentioned, Vilentas had published, and from which he, apparently, had copied the prayers” [13, 133]. However, as the text of the second part of Mažvydas’ Giesmės krikščioniškos also has only editorial differences from that given in his Forma krikštymo, Zinkevičius’s conclusion needs a little correction: Vilentas, most probably, copied the prayer not from Mažvydas’ hymnal, but from Forma krikštymo. In any case, all the three versions of the prayer should be considered one and the same translation, first published in 1559. Trautmann’s conclusion in regard to the original of Vilentas’ Enchiridion needs to be supplemented as well: Vilentas translated not only from the 1543 Leipzig edition of Luther’s Enchiridion, but also used Mažvydas’ Forma krikštymo, from which he took, at the very least, the text of the Creed. Therefore, the Lithuanian-language literature of Lithuania Minor has two different translations of the Creed (not counting traces of this prayer in Wolfenbüttel’s Postilla) published before Vilentas’ Enchiridion: Mažvydas’ Katekizmas (Catechism, 1547) and Forma krikštymo (1559). Vilentas published a somewhat-edited third version of its second translation (the first one appeared in 1559 in Mažvydas’ Forma krikštymo; and the second, in 1570, the second part of Mažvydas’ Giesmės krikščioniškos).